🗼 防御塔索敌系统重构示例
本文档展示了如何将Design/Mechanics/Tower_Defense_System.md 中定义的防御塔索敌逻辑，通过我们设计的 DecisionEngine 进行重构。这使得不同的防御塔可以灵活配置其索敌策略，而无需编写重复的逻辑。
1. 模拟 Enemy 实现
为了与 DecisionSystem 的通用接口对接，敌人必须实现相应的接口。
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using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Vampirefall.DecisionSystem; // 引入DecisionSystem命名空间
// 模拟一个敌人，实现所有必要的接口
public class MockEnemy : MonoBehaviour, IPositionable, IHealth, IHasEntityType, IHasTags
{
public string ID { get; set; } = System.Guid.NewGuid().ToString(); // 假设有ID
public Vector3 Position => transform.position;
public float CurrentHealth { get; set; } = 100f;
public float MaxHealth { get; set; } = 100f;
public bool IsAlive => CurrentHealth > 0;
public EntityType EntityType { get; set; } = EntityType.Minion; // 默认小兵
public List<string> Tags { get; set; } = new List<string>(); // 例如 "Armored", "Wet", "Flying"
public void TakeDamage(float amount)
{
CurrentHealth -= amount;
if (CurrentHealth <= 0) CurrentHealth = 0;
}
public void SetTags(params string[] newTags) {
Tags.Clear();
Tags.AddRange(newTags);
}
}
2. Refactored TowerController 实现
防御塔不再需要编写复杂的 if/else 链来判断目标，而是通过配置 DecisionEngine 来定义行为。
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using UnityEngine;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Vampirefall.DecisionSystem;
using System.Linq;
public class TowerController : MonoBehaviour
{
public enum TowerType { BasicBallista, SniperTurret, TeslaCoil }
[Header("塔配置")]
public TowerType towerType;
public float attackRange = 10f;
public float attackRate = 1f; // 攻击间隔
public float damage = 20f;
private DecisionEngine<MockEnemy> _decisionEngine;
private MockEnemy _currentTarget;
private float _attackTimer;
// --- Unity Callbacks ---
void Start()
{
InitializeDecisionEngine();
_attackTimer = 1f / attackRate;
}
void Update()
{
// 如果没有目标或者目标无效，则重新索敌
if (_currentTarget == null || !_currentTarget.IsAlive || Vector3.Distance(transform.position, _currentTarget.Position) > attackRange)
{
FindNewTarget();
}
// 如果有目标，进行攻击
if (_currentTarget != null && _currentTarget.IsAlive)
{
_attackTimer -= Time.deltaTime;
if (_attackTimer <= 0)
{
AttackTarget(_currentTarget);
_attackTimer = 1f / attackRate;
}
// 绘制连线以示索敌
Debug.DrawLine(transform.position, _currentTarget.Position, Color.green);
}
}
// --- Private Methods ---
private void InitializeDecisionEngine()
{
_decisionEngine = new DecisionEngine<MockEnemy>();
// 基础过滤器：在射程内且目标必须活着
_decisionEngine.AddFilter(new RangeFilter<MockEnemy>(transform.position, attackRange, (e) => e.Position));
_decisionEngine.AddFilter(new AliveFilter<MockEnemy>((e) => e)); // 获取IHealth接口的委托
// 根据塔类型配置索敌逻辑
switch (towerType)
{
case TowerType.BasicBallista:
// 基础箭塔：优先最近，次优先残血小兵
_decisionEngine.AddScorer(new DistanceScorer<MockEnemy>(3f, (e) => e.Position));
_decisionEngine.AddScorer(new HealthScorer<MockEnemy>(1f, (e) => e, HealthScoreMode.Lowest));
_decisionEngine.AddScorer(new PriorityScorer<MockEnemy>(0.5f, (e) => e, new Dictionary<EntityType, float>
{
{ EntityType.Boss, 100f },
{ EntityType.Elite, 50f },
{ EntityType.Minion, 10f }
}));
break;
case TowerType.SniperTurret:
// 狙击塔：过滤掉低血量目标 (防止伤害溢出)，优先 Boss/精英，优先高血量
_decisionEngine.AddFilter(new MinHealthFilter<MockEnemy>(damage * 0.8f, (e) => e)); // 过滤掉生命值低于80%伤害的目标
_decisionEngine.AddScorer(new PriorityScorer<MockEnemy>(5f, (e) => e, new Dictionary<EntityType, float>
{
{ EntityType.Boss, 1000f },
{ EntityType.Elite, 500f }
}));
_decisionEngine.AddScorer(new HealthScorer<MockEnemy>(2f, (e) => e, HealthScoreMode.Highest));
_decisionEngine.AddScorer(new DistanceScorer<MockEnemy>(0.5f, (e) => e.Position, attackRange, true)); // 稍微偏远
break;
case TowerType.TeslaCoil:
// 特斯拉塔：优先带特定标签的（如“湿润”），其次是集群目标（TODO: ClusterScorer）
_decisionEngine.AddScorer(new TagSynergyScorer<MockEnemy>(4f, (e) => e, new List<string> { "Wet", "Conductive" }));
_decisionEngine.AddScorer(new DistanceScorer<MockEnemy>(2f, (e) => e.Position)); // 偏近
// _decisionEngine.AddScorer(new ClusterScorer<MockEnemy>(3f, (e) => e.Position)); // 假设有此评分器
break;
}
}
private void FindNewTarget()
{
// 1. 获取所有潜在候选人 (优化点：只获取 attackRange 内的敌人)
List<MockEnemy> allEnemies = EnemySpawnManager.GetAllActiveEnemiesInRadius(transform.position, attackRange);
// 2. 准备决策上下文
DecisionContext ctx = new DecisionContext();
ctx.Origin = transform.position;
ctx.Source = gameObject;
// 可以将塔自身的攻击类型、状态等放入Context供Scorer使用
// 3. 执行决策
_currentTarget = _decisionEngine.SelectBest(allEnemies, ctx);
}
private void AttackTarget(MockEnemy enemy)
{
Debug.Log($"{name} attacking {enemy.name} at {enemy.Position} for {damage} damage.");
enemy.TakeDamage(damage);
if (!enemy.IsAlive)
{
Debug.Log($"{enemy.name} defeated!");
_currentTarget = null; // 目标死亡
}
}
}
// 假设存在一个管理所有敌人的单例
public static class EnemySpawnManager // 简化的伪代码
{
private static List<MockEnemy> _allActiveEnemies = new List<MockEnemy>();
public static void RegisterEnemy(MockEnemy enemy) => _allActiveEnemies.Add(enemy);
public static void UnregisterEnemy(MockEnemy enemy) => _allActiveEnemies.Remove(enemy);
public static List<MockEnemy> GetAllActiveEnemiesInRadius(Vector3 origin, float radius)
{
// 真实的实现会使用 Physics.OverlapSphereNonAlloc 和空间划分优化
return _allActiveEnemies.Where(e => Vector3.Distance(origin, e.Position) <= radius).ToList();
}
}
3. 标准过滤器实现 (Standard Filter Implementations)
在Tech/Code_Snippets/DecisionSystem_Core_Classes.md 中只定义了 IFilter<T> 接口，这里提供一些常用的过滤器实现。
AliveFilter (存活过滤器)
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using System;
namespace Vampirefall.DecisionSystem
{
/// <summary>
/// 过滤器：只保留活着的候选人
/// </summary>
public class AliveFilter<T> : IFilter<T> // where T : IHealth
{
private Func<T, IHealth> _getHealthFunc;
public AliveFilter(Func<T, IHealth> getHealthFunc)
{
_getHealthFunc = getHealthFunc ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(getHealthFunc));
}
public bool IsValid(T candidate, DecisionContext ctx)
{
IHealth health = _getHealthFunc(candidate);
return health != null && health.IsAlive;
}
}
}
RangeFilter (射程过滤器)
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using UnityEngine;
using System; // For Func
namespace Vampirefall.DecisionSystem
{
/// <summary>
/// 过滤器：只保留在指定射程内的候选人
/// </summary>
public class RangeFilter<T> : IFilter<T> // where T : IPositionable
{
private Vector3 _origin;
private float _range;
private Func<T, Vector3> _getPositionFunc;
public RangeFilter(Vector3 origin, float range, Func<T, Vector3> getPositionFunc)
{
_origin = origin;
_range = range;
_getPositionFunc = getPositionFunc ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(getPositionFunc));
}
public bool IsValid(T candidate, DecisionContext ctx)
{
Vector3 candidatePos = _getPositionFunc(candidate);
return Vector3.Distance(_origin, candidatePos) <= _range;
}
}
}
MinHealthFilter (最低血量过滤器)
用于狙击塔，防止伤害溢出。
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using System;
namespace Vampirefall.DecisionSystem
{
/// <summary>
/// 过滤器：只保留生命值高于指定阈值的候选人 (例如，防止伤害溢出)
/// </summary>
public class MinHealthFilter<T> : IFilter<T> // where T : IHealth
{
private float _minHealthThreshold;
private Func<T, IHealth> _getHealthFunc;
public MinHealthFilter(float minHealthThreshold, Func<T, IHealth> getHealthFunc)
{
_minHealthThreshold = minHealthThreshold;
_getHealthFunc = getHealthFunc ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(getHealthFunc));
}
public bool IsValid(T candidate, DecisionContext ctx)
{
IHealth health = _getHealthFunc(candidate);
return health != null && health.IsAlive && health.CurrentHealth >= _minHealthThreshold;
}
}
}